WEALTH MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Riches MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The abundance of the business or financial specialists will rely upon the future incomes that are normal from the speculations. The leaders should know the level of hazard related with a given venture choice that will be taken. Different speculators have various mentalities towards hazard and they would need to put resources into an effective portfolio. An effective portfolio alludes to a portfolio that gives the best yields than other portfolio at a similar hazard or least hazard at a similar degree of return (GOEL, 2009). Each financial specialist would need to amplify on the venture by differentiating any dangers that may influence his/her pay and ought to have the option to accomplish the most elevated pace of return. Riches chiefs ought to create appropriate techniques that can guarantee pay development, decrease business dangers and low duty rates. Portfolio hypothesis has certain restrictions when used to dissect business dangers. At the point when we talk about hazard, we all ude to the one of a kind ramifications for any speculation choice made which can be sifted through utilizing probabilities. Business administrators generally would need to decrease hazard to insignificant levels dependent on the idea of lessening minor utility which says that as riches develops, negligible utility decays at an expanding rate. There are different kinds of dangers that must be considred while assessing venture opportunities.the dangers include: ii) The other part of hazard that directors must investigate is Financial hazard which includes utilization of obligation capital. This is expanded by giving more obligations in this way causing increasingly fixed premium charges coming about into changeability in net income iii) Portfolio hazard speculation can be diminished by fundamentally holding chosen interests in a portfolio. This is called explicit pertinent hazard on the grounds that the component of hazard ought to be considered by an all around broadened chance. There are methods of estimating dangers and these incorporate : Situation examination which thinks about the impacts of

Greek Tragedy Essay Example for Free

Greek Tragedy Essay Craftsmanship and writing has existed all through time to speak to and express social qualities, standards and recognitions. It regularly depicts the powers that push ones specific culture ahead, intellectually animating and growing individual brain and thought. In old Greek culture, Art and Literature is joined such that spoke to these things to its kin. This mix is the thing that we know as old Greek Theater, a specialty of show and melody, with the structure of spoken bits joined with choral verses, all worried about keeps an eye on destiny. 1 Greek disaster is credited to have created around 534 B. C when the Greek Thespis made show in which a primary on-screen character chatted with the pioneer of the melody (this is the place the term performer started, it has been utilized to portray an entertainer since the mid nineteenth century). 2 Aeschylus, the first of the extraordinary 3 appalling artists, added a second on-screen character to his plays and had a melody of around 12. Sophocles, the second of the extraordinary artists, included the third entertainer and expanded the tune to 15 individuals. Sophocles is considered to display Greek disaster, with Aeschylus denoting the readiness and Eudripidies the decrease. 3 These plays where preformed at Festivals in outside auditoriums in which artists went after prizes. It is broadly acknowledged that these celebrations where strict, and respected the Greek god Dionysius (God of Wine). All plays where created around notable antiquated Greek legend, it was the Poets employment to create character and extend plot. Every celebration included 3 heartbreaking writers to introduce a tetrology. (A gathering of 4 plays) which comprised of 3 catastrophes and one satyr. 4 Each play would incorporate somewhere in the range of two to four on-screen characters, and a gathering of 12-15 choral individuals. It was every on-screen character duty to show the plot through discourse, anyway they where additionally liable for singing performances. The ensemble was a significant device in Greek disaster as they remarked on every scene and proposed nuances to the crowd, their tune additionally elevated the feeling and environment of the play. 5 Aristotles Poetics is viewed as the most significant wellspring of direction for Greek disaster. Aristotle characterizes catastrophe as a dramatization which concerned superior to average individuals (saints, lords, divine beings) who experience the ill effects of favorable luck to horrible luck and who communicate in a raised language. 6 It is likewise characterized as a scholarly piece written to be preformed by entertainers in which a focal character, called the disastrous hero or legend, endures some genuine adversity which is noteworthy in that the hardship is consistently associated with the saints activities. 7 The saint is regularly host to some terrible defect (hermatia) for which he himself is mindful, and which prompts his inevitable destruction. Be that as it may, Aristotle depicts this sad defect to prompt an error where the Protagonist doesn't know. The saints annihilation is frequently because of his self-numbness. It is critical to comprehend what Aristotle accepts is the reason for Greek catastrophe so as to totally see a portion of its primary viewpoints. In Aristotles feeling, one of the characteristics of extraordinary disaster is its capacity to make a Cartharsis, the demonstration of cleansing the spirit of dread and pity. 8 Through making an unpredictable hero, a character who is viewed as an incredible man, or legend, the crowd thusly makes regard. Through this characters sad imperfection, and numbness to his activities, the crowd is attracted and starts to pitty the saint. The crowd envisions themselves in the legends circumstance, and despite the fact that they know the result of the story (as all Greek catastrophe is bases on notable Greek fantasy) they suspensefuly anticipate the saints response to his destiny. So this cleansing permits the crowd to shed abundance dread, invigorating their heart with the goal that it can exist in a sound parity. Aristotle speculated that disaster is established in the key request of the universe. 9 Tragedy is a more regrettable case situation, which depicts the potential impacts of basic likelihood. It makes a circumstances and logical results chain in which any individual can imagine themselves as a feature of. We would now be able to comprehend the significance of specific parts of the lamentable legends character and his obligation to maintain the plot. A saint, in the Greek sense, is a man who by his remarkable profession has pushed back the skylines of what is workable for humankind and is then regarded deserving of tribute after his passing. 10 As we probably am aware, this saint isn't perfect. Nonetheless, it is essential to understand that in what Aristotle esteems as great disaster, these imperfections regularly add to the very temperances which permit our hero to turn into a saint in any case. As it were, sad incongruity is involved, and it is similar occurrences and characteristics of a man which launch him to saint height as those which drag him down. Catastrophe is worried about the destiny of enormous men. 11 Aristotle accepted that Sophocles, Oedipus Rex was the ideal disaster. For what reason was Oedipus Rex essentially the ideal appalling saint? Oedipus was an incredible man and King of Thebes. He was pretentious, hurried and dubious of his companions, yet we additionally observe that in the event that it where not for these characteristics Oedipus would not have proceeded with his requests. His chivalrous nature is amplified in his industriousness for reality in spite of the way that it turned out to be very clear that increasing further information would end in calamity and implosion. 12 Peripeteia is the point at which a character creates an impact inverse to that which he expected to deliver. 13Aristotle solidly accepted that all great disaster proposed some peripeteia inside its plot. This is completely spoken to inside Oedipus Rex. Oedipus guarantees his kin that he will discover the base of the plague that held his realm. In antiquated Greek occasions, it was accepted that ailment and plague where signs from the divine beings that they where vexed or a wrongdoing against their authentic gauges had been submitted. So as any respectable legend would do, Oedipus sets out on a mission for this information. He before long finds that the homicide of Thebes earlier lord, Laius, is the root off his citys contamination. He pledges to find the killer, and sets the discipline of death or expulsion to whomever was seen as blameworthy. This was his goal. We can likewise observe again that Oedipus is an honorable legend, as he is a lord and he is eager to go to any finishes for his kin. These characteristics would have summoned sentiments of regard in the psyches of the crowd. As Oedipus finds more data, he moves closer to the end that it is conceivable that through self-visual deficiency and obliviousness, Oedipus himself is the feasible killer of Laius. Through this progression in the play we see that again Oedipus conveys the characteristics of a deplorable legend; his killing of Laius was because of his self-presumption and absence of information that the man who he was murdering was of high status. This homicide was for sure due to Oedipuss shocking imperfection of Hubris (presumptuous dismissal for the privileges of others, or tyrannical pride or assumption 14) yet he was unconscious of the outcomes and the homicide was very unconstrained. Oedipus keeps on looking for reality in spite of his conceivable self-blame, as he expresses that he should be certain that he is to be sure Leuiss killer. This, as indicated by human guidelines, Oedipus acted well in this circumstance, yet he is known to have stated the poise of masculinity. Oh dear, more examination leads to his distinct blame, and furthermore prompts what is known as an Agagnorisis, or a change from numbness to information. 15 Oedipus had not been conceived beneficiary to the seat of Thebes. In the wake of learning of a prediction that he would one-day murder his dad and wed his mom, he fled from his folks to get away from this destiny. He had shown up in Thebes soon after the hour of Laiuss passing. A sphinx was besetting the city at that point, and he vanquished it, there-for winning the reverence of the Thebans and taking the core of recently bereaved sovereign, Jocasta. Their marriage was almost moment, and they lived in satisfaction for certain years and created various youngsters. So it was at this agagnorisis when Oedipus discovered that he had been embraced, and that Laius had been his dad, and Jocasta his mom. They had disposed of him apon a slope in the wake of hearing exactly the same prophocy, trusting they also could get away from their destiny. This unwinding of the plot is known as the lusis. 16 This is the place the Peripeteia is for filled. Despite the fact that Oedipus had consistently planned to get and rebuff the killer of Leius, he not the slightest bit proposed that it would act naturally who was dependable. This is likewise unexpected as in twice he had accidentally set the way for his own devastation. Another type of Greek catastrophe is the choice that the shocking saint must face once he has arrived at his agagnorisis. 17 Oedipus had a decision, to keep on living in wrongdoing with his mom/spouse and propagate the moderate devastation of Thebes, or to maintain the little respect he had left, at last acknowledge his destiny and settle the guarantees he made to his kin. Oedipus decides to do what any legend would do, acknowledge obligation regarding his activities and rebuff himself as he vowed to do in the start of the play. The information on his wrongdoing against his dad and mom makes him dazzle himself, as he was unable to stand to view the world any more. This reality again adds incongruity to the story, as when Oedipus had the option to see genuinely, he was as yet oblivious to his past and the outcomes of his activities. Through his blinding, he was self-knowing, and he had just because acknowledged his destiny. He left Thebes as a visually impaired homeless person. Despite the fact that in certain regards Oedipus is presently observed as not, at this point a saint, the crowd would have regarded his official choices, and here and there he had amended his ethical blemish through his self-discipline. We would now be able to scrutinize the conviction of destiny and pre-assurance. Greek catastrophe did without a doubt manage the job of the divine beings in mortal life and to the broaden that humans controlled their activities. Oedipus was liable for his deeds, as

Statistical models and probabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Measurable models and probabilities - Essay Example For each undertaking, a timetable is set up before the initiation of the execution of the work. All together for the timetable to be sane, it is basic that the time taken by comparable exercises in the past is surveyed. The exercises are appointed terms dependent on that. Nonetheless, attributable to the accentuation on imagination and development in the current age, structural specialists are attempting new ways and techniques for executing the ventures, so past record of span of a specific movement may not generally be there. Perky is a strategy of surveying the span of an action that has never been executed previously. Like every single other zone, structural designing has likewise advanced through research. The customary procedures for the quantitative or potentially subjective investigation of the information utilize measurable models and probabilities. The information is checked for ordinariness through the proportions of kurtosis and skewness. In the event that the information breezes through the ordinariness assessment, at that point parametric tests are applied to assess the information further. On the off chance that the information doesn't breeze through the typicality assessment, at that point nonparametric tests are applied for the further assessment of the information. Hazard the executives is a significant territory of structural designing. Structural specialists recognize the dangers at each phase of venture beginning from the undertaking achievability studies to the consummation and giving over stage. Hazard is any dubious even that has a specific likelihood of event and an effect. Evaluation of hazard at the ideal time not just permits the structural specialists to get away from the danger presented by that chance, yet additionally change that into a chance. Various procedures are utilized for the hazard appraisal including the Monte Carlo reenactment. Stature of a scaffold in a specific territory is chosen based on the greatest water level found throughout the entire existence of floods and precipitation here. Various degrees of water are doled out various probabilities relying on the recurrence of their

Music Review Assignemnt Album Title ‘Red’ By Taylor Swift - 1100 Words

Music Review Assignemnt: Album Title: ‘Red’ By Taylor Swift (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDateMusic reviewAlbum title: RED by Taylor Swift.Red is the 4th album by Taylor Swift released in 2012 by Big Machine records. It is the first Swifts pop adult album decorated with beautiful photos and amazing sounds. Taylor worked on the album Red when she was 22 years old. She is a competent and decent in her lyrics with hefty guitar knowledge (Schwartz, Mankato Capstone Press, 30). The album Red features 16 songs carrying theme of love and heartbreak each with different styles and sounds. Taylor Swift embedded ideas she experienced during her adolescent stage in coming up with this album. Every song is characterized by a unique instrumentation with unique sound that creates intense rhythmic and driving pop stratosphere. Red is inspired by love experiences filled with uncertainities due to failed love (Wheelwright, 77). Though it carriers message on issues of teenage love, this album also carries some messages on adult matters.Red has decent lyri cs energized with structural sounds and instrumentation that comes as a fair treat for die-hard fans. 22 though it is a sad song its beats makes danceable and fun. Its instrumental version is appealing backup with regular background vocals to bring up the prosaic imagery of teenage life. Teenage love on spending time mostly in partying and having fun is illustrated.Gentle guitar strums soundtrack describes the song I Almost Do describing how she almost reconnected with her ex which let to We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together. Its texture is same throughout and the electric guitar took over the melody. Starlight has danceable beats filled with feeling of love in the air. It marks swift crushing period. Swift takes a role of a prince. This part makes a summary fills and fills the role of the tittle Red.In We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together, Swift explains ground of breakups. Its assembling of chords and backing vocals makes it practically artistic and convey the theme clearly. It earns the attention of the audient. It flows things slowly for those depressed from breakup. Everything Has Changed by Swift and Sheeran shows a certain impact on new romance (Spencer, Toronto, Ontario: ECW Press, 7). It captures the attention of the listener driving one crazy. Its beats without being told fills the atmosphere with love and romance.In the song Begin Again Swift is seen genuinely happy and hipsters eyeing on new girls in town. This is where falling in love with strangers happen. Just from break up and now setting up to begin again. It explains the flow of love with issues involved. This part comes with sense of humor and it is an amazing stand. The Moment I Knew illust...

Knowledge of Psychology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 26 Words: 7944 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction One of the most important bodies of knowledge is psychology. It is through psychology that so many disorders have been dealt with. The disorders referred to here are disorders to do with the state of the mind as well as the environment affecting the well being of the mind of the individual. An example of a disorder that psychologists treat is referred to as sexual compulsive behavior. Many people would still be in problems were it not for psychology. Through psychology, other bodies of knowledge have benefited. As any body of knowledge, psychology has grown to have branches within it and one of them which are relevant in this research paper is critical psychology. This research paper is going to deal with the question; Is critical Psychology essential to clients rights in Mainstream Psychology? This research is going to argue that Critical Psychology is essential to clients rights in Mainstream Psychology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge of Psychology" essay for you Create order The research paper is going to look at psychology and give an overview of psychology Then move on to critical psychology where it will give a detailed explanation of what critical psychology is all about by looking at how it came to existence and what it is all about then finally relate it to mainstream psychology so as to show how relevant it is in psychology. Critical psychology is a branch of psychology that was developed with the aim of criticizing the mainstream psychology. It also has a goal or a purpose which is to try and put into practice the knowledge that psychology has accumulated into practice and at the same time learning something new without being rigidly constrained within the borders of psychology. Psychology knowledge is used in ways that are progressive under critical psychology. The main focus of critical psychology is the use of social change in its bid to criticize mainstream psychology but also as a tool to treat as well as prevent psychopathology. Many criticism bullets have been shot at mainstream psychology. The most common highlights the manner in which mainstream psychology does not put into consideration or ignores deliberately the way in which the differences in power between the classes as well as the groups of society can greatly have an impact on the well-being of the person in terms of the mind and the physical bodies of either individuals or groups of people. This is very relevant material. A body of knowledge that is not constantly criticized is a body of knowledge that tends not to grow over time. It is just like a life that is never criticized and never examined. Before criticizing, there is examination. When something is examined then that means there loopholes within the existence of something are looked into and the relevance of the thing in todays world. A human being will want to be current with the fast growing world and he or she is always constantly looking at ways in which he or she can improve him or he rself. A human being is always updating him or herself to be current with the world and the changing times. This may explain the reason people do not dress in the olden day fashion styles but embrace what the fashion brings. An employee will take a course in something so as t upgrade him or herself in the field of work a person is. The human beings who listen to criticisms and work on them well always improve themselves and become better people in society but those who done never grow much. It is clear that criticism is a very aspect of growth in todays world. Businesses pay a lot of money in order to be criticized! They do this by asking their customers how their company has served them. They probe consumers with a wide range of questions in a bid to get the worst out of people about the companys product or products. This can be done with the online focus groups that are being used as marketing tools at the end of the day because the product that will emerge will be based on the improvements that the customers said they will want to see. This is the same thing with mainstream psychology. Given the nature of mainstream psychology then it would make sense for there to be a body that looks into psychology as a body of knowledge to identify the things that can be done better and the factors that have to be considered when treating psychopathology. Mainstream psychology has not mentioned the impact that the various social groups and differences we have in society can have o n an individual. Say for example that in a neighborhood, there are those that are doing really well and those that are not doing so well in terms of the financial stability. Most of the times rather than not, the people who are doing very well will come together and form some kind of social group and within this social group, they will have their own way of thinking then in the other group where people are not doing so well, there will be a way of thinking. With time these two groups will always compare themselves. This may explain why some rich people with no happiness and no people to love in their lives envy the genuineness of the love of people in the poor settings and the genuineness of their love for each other. This has an impact on the mental well being as well as the physical well being of a person. One may start to limit him or herself and decide that some things are a certain group of people and some are for a different group of people. There are many people who are a liv ing proof of such influences and have either become very poor as a result or very rich as a result. It is therefore very clear and important on the role critical psychology plays in the application of mainstream psychology. It acts as an update of mainstream psychology as well as a tool to keep mainstream psychology on its toes. It also brings psychology to life as it ensures that it is practical in its approach during the treatment of psychopathology. This is a very important aspect of critical psychology. This is the main reason as to why this research paper is going to look at the relevance of critical psychology in the role of mainstream psychology. Mainstream psychology has to be very grateful to critical psychology as critical psychology gives mainstream psychology life. Overview of Psychology The study of psychology started when the world started to civilize. During this time, human beings got to try and explain the reasons behind almost everything they found into existence. Te civilizations of Egypt, Persia, China, India as well as Greece were the first to try and study the humans as well as try to explain why some humans behaved in a certain way and others behaved in another. The ancient Muslim physicians and psychologists introduced the experimental and clinical approach that psychology has today. They even went ahead to build hospitals to cater for people with psychological problems. More steps were made when the French physiologist who went by the name Pierre Cabanis added the biological aspect of psychology in the year 1802. He had done expensive biology studies and based on the knowledge he had acquired in biology, he explained the human mind from the same perspective. He asserted that the souls as well as sensibility characterize the nervous system. (Levin Troiden, 1988) Psychology had not become a field of study until the German physician whose name was Wilhelm Wundt built the first ever laboratory for the sole purpose of the study of psychology at an institution of higher learning referred to as the Leipzig University. Wundt became known as the father of psychologyÂ? because of this brave move. It is no wonder that on the very same year that the laboratory was built which was the year 1879, the year was labeled the date psychology was born. An American who was a psychologist as well as a philosopher wrote a book in 1890 which laid the solid foundation son which psychology is built for many scholars of psychology. Hermann Ebbinghaus is also a very crucial contributor to the psychology bode of knowledge that did a lot of research and experimental studies on the memory compartment of the mind. A Russian who was a guru in psychology also contributed to the knowledge of psychology as we know it today. His name is Ivan Pavlov. He came up with a process human beings use to learn according to him and is referred to as the classical conditioning. In the mid 20th century, most of the work done by the psychology pioneers mentioned is referred to as experimental psychology as most of this work was concerned with the information that was collected from various sectors and subjects along with the processing of the same information. The information gathered during this time is a subset of cognitive science. This period is seen as a period that brought a revolution because the development made by the various pioneers of psychology answered as well as reacted to the different kinds of ways of thinking that were in existence and at that time, there were two major schools of thought; behaviorism and psychodynamics (Lopez, Schmidt Blanco, 2007). (Syed, 2002) Psychoanalysis is a psychotherapy that was developed by Sigmund Freud who was an Australian physician. His psychology was based on the methods of interpreting of the mind, the observations of patients with mental problems or problems that were related to mental problems and introspection. He concentrated on resolving of the unconscious conflict, psychopathology as well as the mental distress of the human being. The theories that were coined by Freud were popular because they addressed issues of sexuality, the unconscious mind and also repression. The society saw the discussion of the problems Freud tried to tackle as a taboo. He managed to engage society in such discussions and proved to them that such issues could be discussed openly. It helps to deal with issues when conversations about the issues are held then the way forward formulated. Psychoanalysis was criticized and seen not to be efficient enough as it wasnt empirical and had not proven to withstand experimental tests. John B. Watson founded behaviorism. This was inclined towards determinism as well as positivism. Behaviorism was based on the premise that the use of animals to experiment could give a more in-depth understanding of psychosocial behavior such as analysis that is psychonamic in nature. The behaviorists believed the scientific research methods would result in pursuing of the necessary weapons needed to control the problems life presents rather than searching for truths which are seen to be timeless. Behaviorists maintained that much of the components of the human mind are not open to the scrutiny of science and that scientific psychology should rely on the behavior observed. This led to behaviorist analyzing the behavior of humans and relating the behavior with the environment in which the human being exists or interacts with. The behaviorism model of psychology has been challenged and its fall in part paved the way for more models to come into existence (Syed, 2002). (Khaleefa, 1999)In reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, humanism and existentialism emerged in the mid 20th century. Here the whole person was analyzed and not just some parts of the person. Humanism focused on practical human issues such as aloneness, meaning, self-identity, freedom as well as death. Emphasis was not on pathology but on determinism rejection, the positive growth concern as well as subjective meaning. Abraham Maslow an American psychologist played a major role in the development of humanism. There was the formulation of the hierarchy of human needs, client-centered therapy and Gesalt therapy. Existentialism focuses on the human nature as being neutral. It also focused on anxiety and positively assessed it. Existentialism argued that the human themes such as freewill, death and meaning are shaped by existing myths as well as narrative patterns. The human themes are allowed as authentic by the human freewill. (Levin Troiden, 1988) The cognitive revolution gave birth to cognitivism as a strain of thought. Naomi Chomsky is responsible for this. Cognitivism does not support the idea that research and analysis ignoring the innate child contribution to human behavior. Cognitivism had proven to have a practical approach as it assisted in the understanding of weapons operations during the World War II. By the end of the 20th century, cognitivism had taken the psychology world and other related subjects by storm. New concepts to replace the ones that were being used in behaviorism and psychoanalytic strains of thinking were formulated such a subliminal processing and implicit memory. Cognitive psychology did not throw all the work that was done by behaviorists and psychoanalysts but it took the better of the two worlds, made it make sense and incorporated it into cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology comprised of various subfield that deal with psychology such as neuroscience, philosophy of the mind as well as computer science. One cannot strictly follow one school of thought and claim to completely understand the human mind. All schools of thought are very crucial in the understanding of the human mind. Modern psychology has come up with a school of thought that integrates all the other existent schools of thought; the biopsychosocial approach. This is so as to make it clear that any human mental process or behavior is governed by many interrelated biological, psychological as well as other social factors (Syed, 2002). Psychology is a very wide field and so much is yet to be learnt in the psychology field. There exists several subfield of psychology. In other words, we can easily come up with a long list of the psychology topics as well as the disciplines that psychology encompasses. Abnormal psychology as the name suggests involves the study of behavior that deviates from normal behavior. Biological psychology is the study that involves a combination of the biological processes in relation to the state of the mind. Biological psychology is related to cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology as well as physiology. Clinical psychology is a subfield of psychology that deals with the application of psychology knowledge with the aim of solving problems to do with distress, personal development as well as the general well being of humans. Other subfields of psychology include; counseling psychology, cognitive psychology, critical psychology, comparative psychology, forensic psychology, educational psychology, development psychology, evolutionary psychology, legal psychology, global psychology, industrial psychology, health psychology, quantitative psychology, occupational health psychology, personality psychology, school psychology as well as social psychology (Miller, 1983) When professions in the psychology field research, they draw knowledge from other bodies of knowledge so as to understand the psychology phenomena. They can do this by abduction, deduction or induction. In any psychological research project, there is no reliance on only one type of inference but all of them help when used together. There are psychologists that do nothing but research on psychology. They play a very important role in adding to the existing knowledge that psychology has so far accumulated. These researchers make use of controlled experiments, animal studies, quantitative and qualitative research, qualitative and descriptive research methods, survey questionnaires, observations in natural settings, computational modeling, longitudinal studies, animal studies and lastly, neuropsychological methods (Steffens, 2006). Psychology has been criticized to be a fuzzyÂ? science. The main reason is because there is no pre-paradigm being that we can base psychology on. Some of the interests in psychology such as well being, thinking, personality, emotion and many more cannot be measured and inferential statistics applied to it. The empirical aspect is not complete as some things cannot be assigned a number value. The testing of hypothesis is normally not up to standard as most psychologists are not adequately train to be able to analyze data. The criticism sometimes comes from one psychologist to another especially when one is research oriented and the other is clinical oriented. One side may argue that the clinical practices are not backed by empirical evidence and the other side may argue that experiments are done in controlled environments which are not the same as the real world situations. There is also concern that the scientific theories of psychology are miles apart from the actual application of psychology. It is more like going to school to study something then not applying the same thing in the profession one studied for. Critical Psychology By the fact that the word critical psychology has the word psychology at the very end than this means that it is a branch of psychology. Just the same way you would have people that bear the last name in a family setting, this would tell you that the two children belong to the same father. The word critical is used as it in itself is critical as it tries to bring out the aspects that mainstream psychology has continually ignored or not considered. Its main aim is to criticize mainstream psychology and this was the premise on which this branch called critical psychology came into existence. It points out other factors that may also explain the reason as to why some people think the way they think as well as make us understand the reason as to why some people are not mentally well and why some people are not physically well. Even before getting into the details of critical psychology, it is already clear that the role of critical psychology in mainstream psychology is very important. T he fact that critical psychology provides some kind of checks and balances in the psychology body of knowledge is a very big reason for one to argue that for sure critical psychology plays a major role in mainstream psychology because it acts as a push to mainstream psychology for it to grow and for it to incorporate some of the things that have been hidden from it or may have not been in existence when the body of knowledge was established meaning critical psychology gives life to mainstream psychology. Freie Universitat Berlin is the institution in which critical psychology was started in the 1970s. It is largely based on the existing knowledge that psychology as a whole had accumulated by then but it also at the same time came up with its own theories and explanations as it sees the world at one particular moment. By the beginning of May 2007, there were very few words that had been translated into English. The main root of German Critical Psychology is the post-war babyboomers student revolt which happened during the late sixties. The main spark of the student revolt was the criticism of the political economy by Marx. Berlin was the best spot for the student revolt as it was a free city which was circumference by East Germany. East Germany was socialist. This led to the sociological foundations upon which critical psychology is built to be Marxist. They have not gotten a listening ear from the many figures found in Critical Psychology. Klaus Holzkamp is a very important author in this field as he wrote the book Grundlegung der Psychologie. If the title of the book was to be translated in English then it would read Foundations of Psychology. This book is very sophisticated in the Critical Psychology field. Klaus Holzkamp might just be the man to be stamped the founder of Critical Psychology as far as the theories are concerned. Klaus had already two books which talked majorly about the theory of science as well as the sensory perception. He felt that the book on the foundations of psychology gave psychologists a reason to research as the book explains the solid paradigm upon which psychological research can be done. The book views psychology as a scientific discipline that is pre-paradigmatic. Aleksey Leontyev provides a unique approach to historical psychology as well as activity theory. According to him, the actions of human beings are as a result of the evolution of culture as well as the biological evolution. Leontyev drew from Marxs work where culture and its concepts have been materialized. He emphasized that the cognition of an individual is a subset of social action and social action is mediated by tools which are man-made such as cultural artifacts, social action is also mediated by language as well as systems and symbols that are made by man. Leontyev viewed this as something that provides a clear distinction between human cognition and human culture. Holzcamp in his attempt to give a comprehensive as well as integrated set of categories that were researched by Aleksey Leontyev, he did come up with this sophisticated book. The book was based on the research that Aleksey Leontyev had done as explained. One other theory we see Holzcamp using in his book in the fiel d of Critical Psychology is one that was developed by Lucien Steve; theory of personality. The concept here is of social activity matricesÂ?. The matrices are seen as the structure of mediation between individual reproduction as well as social reproduction. With the various theories Klaus Holzkamp is seen to use, he does not forget the works that were done at the institution in which Critical Psychology was born; Free University of Berlin. The works that were done at Free University of Berlin was done by critical psychologists and their works was greatly influenced by Mark, Steve and Leontyev. The materials he used included books that were written on sensory perception, animal behavior or ethology, cognition and motivation. Ideas from Freuds psychoanalysis which is a form of play therapy used to treat disorders and he also incorporated ideas from Merleau-Pontys phenomenology as he explained his approach. Holzcamp did a lot of comparative as well as historical analysis of perception, the human reproductive action as well as cognition. The core finding that he identified the symbolic meaning whether constructed culturally or historically to be structures that are conceptual and specifically useful to be structures that the human being will create in relationships that are close so as to make culture material. They also create the structures in close relationship in a culture that is material within the context of social reproduction that have been formed specifically in history. With this in mind, Klaus Holzkamp had a problem with behaviorism which he referred to as stimulus-response psychology or in short, S-R psychology. He looked at the analysis of the linguistics and he also showed how behaviorism created the illusion that is had scientific objectivityÂ? but at the same time behaviorism was not relevant in its understanding of human actions that are culturally situated and inte ntional at the same time. Klaus Holzkamp came up with his own approach that he drew a lot of ideas from a man that goes by the name Kurt Lewin and this he does in Chapter nine of his book titled Foundations of Psychology. This approach was to objectivity as well as generalization. Before Klaus Holzkamp died in the year 1995, he wrote on learning. His work was out in 1993 and he looked at learning from the object side and not the learner. Holzkamp was out to reinterpret the theories that were developed by psychology that was conventional. This means that he looked at the theories from the view of a critical psychologist and the paradigms of critical psychology. The useful insights that were found in conventional psychology were integrated into critical psychology but at the same time picking out and criticizing their implications that were limiting. In S-R psychology, the intentional action and the subject were eliminated. In cognitive psychology, the intentional action as well as th e subject was taken into account. In the first part of the book, Holzkamp looks into the theories that were there in conventional psychology. The theories he focuses on most are those of learning. He then reinterprets the theories from a critical psychologist point of view. Jean Lave and Edwin Hutchins who contributed to the concept of classroom learning were very useful in the explanation of Holzkamps approach. In the second part of the book, Holzkamp looks at the modern world and the concept of classroom learning as something that is cultural and historical yet has an influence in socialization as well as learning. In the second part of the book, he looks at Michel Foucaults work of Discipline and Punish. According to Holzcamp, the historical way we know classroom learning is limiting to the student in that the ability of a student to learn is constrained to some finite teaching strategies. In his approaches, he strived to look for a way of learning that would make full use of the potential of the learner. Holzkamp explains expansive learning in the last part of the book which aims at overcoming the limitations that classroom learning presents. His ultimate plan was to write a book on life leadership but his demise came before he could go past the early stages of developing the book but some of this work was published in form of journals in Forum Kritische PsychologieÂ? and Argument. The period 1960s through to 1970s, critical psychology was known as radical psychology but the main reason it went by this term is to discourage the focus on the individual as the main object of analysis. It was also to discourage psychologists not to use the individual only as the only source of psychopathology. The close inspection of the role inspection plays was considered in radical psychology. The role of the society was looked at in the light that it causes and treats problems. Radical psychology looked at the change in society as an alternative therapy skill to treat illnesses of the mind as well as deal with the prevention of psychopathology. Anti-psychiatry was a term that was so common within psychiatry and so the British preferred the use of the term Critical Psychiatry. Up to today, the term Critical Psychology is still used to refer to the branch of psychology that seeks alternative methods of therapy to the conventional methods or forms of therapy that exist in the dis cipline of psychology. It is also against the idea of focusing so much on the individual that the influence the society has in the individual is not considered. In the 1990s, there were more authors writing about Critical Psychology. The one that caused a biggest shake and was most famous for its writings was an edited book and its title was Critical Psychology. This was a book written by Dennis Fox and Isaac Prilleltensky. Many different introductory texts that were written in the United Kingdom and were focused on critical psychology have a particular interest in the discourse. This was argued by different people in critical psychology as being as dangerous as mainstream psychology as it heavily relies on something; language. Heavily relying on one thing in a dynamic world is dangerous when you are supposed to explain something that interacts with so many things and in different ways. In the year 1999, Ian Parker came up with a manifesto that was very influential. The manifesto was on the Annual Review of Critical Psychology as well as the online journal Radical Psychology. In the manifesto, Ian says that Critical Psychology should have th e following components; Close examination in a systematic way of the manner in which various kinds of psychological action as well as experience have more weight over that of others, the manner in which the accounts of psychologyÂ? which are dominant operate in ideologies as well as the service of the power. The manner in which the different varieties of psychology are constructed in the cultural and historical sense in their study and the manner in which the different kinds of psychology may assert or may refuse the assumptions of ideology of the mainstream psychological models The body of knowledge of the different kinds of the examination and the regulation by the individual himself or herself in day to day life and the manner in which psychological culture works when outside of the boundaries of academic practice as well as professional practice. The detail look at the manner in which mainstream psychology structures the professional work as well as the academic work in psychology and the manner in which day by day activities may provide a foundation for the act of resisting the happenings of the different disciplinary practices that are happening today. There are quite a number of journals that are international and are solely dedicated to Critical Psychology. Some of them include the Annual Review of Critical Psychology as well as the International Journal of Critical Psychology which is no longer being published. The journals lean more to the academic world. The Annual Review of Critical Psychology is an open access journal that runs online. In Britain, the Critical Psychologists and the Critical Psychiatrists have some commonality which they express via the Asylum Collective. Main Criticisms of Conventional psychology Different groups such as psychiatrists and patients as well as the public in general and the industrial lobbyists, or the very rich groups of society and the less rich groups of society, or even psychologists and their clients all have difference in power within the different groups. The psychiatrist is on a different power level as compared to the patient. They have met to discuss the same thing but it is clear that they will not discuss it from the same point of view. With such kind of treatments, the patient will mostly try to resist what the psychiatrist is saying. The psychiatrist and the patient may not agree especially when the patient has some knowledge on the same. Psychologists also have the same problem when dealing with their clients. They normally never have the same ground on which they base their actions. A patient will always want to stay in the comfort zone and what he or she went to do at the clinic is for him or her to be told that he or she is on the right course. The psychiatrist wants to gain millage as he or she interacts with the client but most of the time rather than not this millage are never easy to gain. The people who are very rich in society will definitely be at a very different level of power from the people who are less well-off in terms of finances. There are ideologies that the rich has formed about themselves and there are ideologies that the poor has formed about themselves. There also exist the theories the rich have come up about the poor and those that have come up about the rich. They are so different and I few were to put the two groups in a room there would be so much emotion that would feel the room. This already says a lot about their theories, they are based in the way they feel and not on how things are. Some poor people may have been raised by a mother who highly trained them to be beggars. They grow up not working for what they want in life. In life, you can work for whatever possibility possible that was create d by the creator of heaven and earth. The powers have been given to the human being but instead he or she will sit back and watch as things get out of hand for him o r her then start to blame some past experience or blame some one . As much as it is true that the way we relate with people I our childhood, the things that are said to us during our childhood and the things that are done to us during our childhood are very important in determining how we grow up, there exists so much media from which to learn from and so many people around us to learn from. There is no limitation as to what a human being can do that we are aware of in terms of improving their well being and taking it from one level to another. A human being can always improve himself. A human being can always fight for what he or she wants and still is in a position to wake up, shake the dust off and continue with life stronger than ever. The industrial lobbyists will have an angle from which they argue their points but the general public will always blame them for anything they can possibly utter when it comes to industries and some will blame them for their lives. Whatever the two groups, there will always be a power struggle and power differences. Whether it is a new generation and an old generation or the management of an organization and the operational tem of an organization or even the parent sand the children, there will always be a difference. The most basic of all is the differences that vary from one person to the other regardless of where they come from, their family or their workplace. There is already a power difference right there. Mainstream psychology as we have seen from the overview of psychology focuses mainly on the individual but it hardly has gone into the effects this different power groups brings to the individuals and how he reacts. There are also day to day activities that happen and these too have an effect on the person. The problem with not focusing on the different state of power that are inherent in different individuals as well as in different groups is the fact that mainstream psychology does not look at the way things change and there is no change in its vocabulary. In mainstream psychology, the way things are right now is the same way that things will be in the future as it assumes that the way things are now is the way things are naturally. Of course this is a dangerous way to look at things and results in accepting things as they are. If the world accepted things as they are in some sectors than there would be no change. There would be no convenient ways of doing things. There would be no challenge and this is not even in the nature of human beings. Personally, I love the way of being that I assume when I have a challenge to take on and on this challenge I have to prove myself. There is a feeling of satisfaction. Some value to life is achieved. The victim bears the blame and he or she feels that there is something wrong with him or her. It is the right of the client to know that there is something right with him or her and that is the reason as to why he or she is in the presence of the psychologist. In mainstream psychology, the individual is blamed for everything that is wrong or right with him or her yet this same individual exists within a society and he or she is embedded in the same society. Critical psychology has also benefitted from other approaches other than the Marxist roots upon which they are based on. These include; transpersonal psychology, liberation psychology, ecopsychology as well as developmental psychology. Erica Burman in developmental psychol ogy is also very important The disciplines within psychology have began to come up with their own way of looking at things and have different orientations born from the criticism of mainstream psychology. These include Community psychology as well as critical health psychology. These have strengthened the clients rights in mainstream psychology. The client is now in a position to look at many influences that may have put the client in the position he or she is in and in this way, he or she is able to look at life in a different ways and overcome whatever is the problem. Modern day also has critical psychologists that are always improving modern day psychology. A brief of a few of them is explained below. (Doidge, 2007) asserts that neuroplasticity is the biggest discovery about the brain. In his discovery, he says plasticity can make major contributions to the rigid behaviors development such as bad habits and addictions. (Breggin, 2008) asserts that the drugs being used in mainstream psychology may lead to more problems than what is already in a client. This has helped shape the rights of the client in mainstream psychology. The drugs given to clients in mainstream psychology may cause violence as well as suicide, they have serious side effects, they also have the potential of causing mental dysfuntions among many other hazards that the drugs pose to the health of the client so that the client is seen to go looking for more problems in his or bid to look for solutions. Dorothy Rowe has also contributed to modern day psychology and she comes from the point of view that depression is created at the clinic and she says as much as it is available in different cultures and people, its cu re is simple; wisdom (Rowe, 2003). She is an Australian psychologist who focuses on depression. Another very important psychologist in this area is David Healy and he is more concerned with the mental health of the client. Mainstream psychology is being questioned by David Healy on their direction when they deal with clients. Their aim is to put some companies in business and to continue to give the companies which are mostly drug companies a lot of business. Modern psychiatry is lucky to have a critique such as David Healy on board as the client is now more aware of his or her rights owing to all the knowledge from critical psychology. John Jureindi also has criticized Freuds key mechanisms in psychoanalytical people can be explained in a better way without the cognitive theory. With help from Obrien, they conclude that most of the activity from the human mind is unconscious and very little is from the conscious mind but that which is out of the conscious mind can be brought back t o the conscious mind by proper cueing. Recommendations to add to the body of knowledge of Critical Psychology It is very true that there are many factors that affect the lives of human beings. According to me, I see life as very simple but it is when one reflects into their lives that they get to realize the simplicity of life. Life is not as complex as people may think. For those who believe in some super power above human beings then we all know that they created this earth. For most Holy Books of different religions the world was created by the power of language. This is where I concur with Critical Psychology. Language brought the natural things we see today human beings included into existence so it will be very prudent to put language on our list. From the above, we learn that we create our world by what we say about ourselves and to ourselves. It is very clear to me that most people beat themselves up real hard. We say things to ourselves that if we were to be told the same things by someone else to our safe we would gladly reach for our guns if we do not have the power to punch. The immediate response a human being will have is to punch someone on the face because that person has said the things the same human beings say to her or himself. I find this quite interesting. There is always that voice that the human being will embrace and make it law. Why should one embrace negative thoughts and negative experiences to make them law. Why cant he or she embrace the things he or she wants for himself or herself as law? There is nothing to lose really but a new whole world of possibilities to explore when we embrace what we really want and go for it. Yes, we do go through experiences that shape us. They make us become who we are but we should realize that we do not need to be slaves of the past. If we live in the past then none of us would be here now. People need to be trained to be present through life. When we are present now then we create better, we go through life lighter and we tend to form real relationships and this leads to the creation of our future now. There are things we go through and we hold on to them maybe because we took them too seriously and therefore hurt so bad. We live life dragging everything we perceived as hurting to us and offensive to us and make them the centre of our lives and so we behave in a certain way so as to justify that very hurting thing that so and so did or said in the past. For most people, the past can be a very long time. It can range from the shortest time possible to the longest time the human being lives this life. The main thing that clients of mainstream psychology need to be told is that they can live through life being freer when they give up those things they are holding to as they set them back. It is the right of the client to be treated in the best way possible and all methods known to psychology should be used for the client to have a better life but the basics of life have to be outlined. Something else that gives as psychological problems is when we tell people that we would so something and then we dont do it but we do not let the other person the moment we realized we could not do it that we will not do it. When we do this day in and day out then we feel that we have this major problem that is stopping us from honoring our word to the people around us as well as to ourselves. This brings about a flood of thoughts and again brings memories from the past that can be pretty nasty. In my view, it is the right of the client to be told of these insights that I got out of observing real time experiences. Once they are told of these they begin to reflect into their lives and they can even identify something they have been holding on to and making it wrong for their lives. This recommendation along with what is already known in mainstream psychology as well as critical psychology is very important in treating a client. The client has then a wide variety of options to use as tools to use against different people. Conclusion It is very clear that the critics of mainstream psychology have greatly assisted the clients of psychiatrists and psychologists to know exactly what they are getting into when dealing with psychologists and psychiatrists. The clients now know their rights and are more informed of what is good for them in terms of the drugs and what is not good for them. Most critiques have suggested the natural process of healing and different steps one can follow to overcome mental disorders. It is therefore safe to conclude that critical psychology is essential to clients rights in Mainstream psychology. References Ibrahim B. Syed PhD, Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times,Journal of the Islamic Medical Association, 2002 (2), p. 2-9. Omar Khaleefa (Summer 1999). Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?, American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16 (2). Ibrahim B. Syed PhD, Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times, Journal of the Islamic Medical Association, 2002 (2), p. 2-9 [7-8]. Early practices of ancient psychology included procedures such as lobotomy which involved removal of specific tissues of the brain believed to cause certain mental problems. Lobotomies were used (though uncommonly) in the medical practices of Egypt, China and Persia along with many other ancient civilizations. Bradley Steffens (2006). Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist, Chapter 5. Morgan Reynolds Publishing. ISBN 1599350246. The Principles of Psychology (1890), with introduction by George A. Miller, Harvard University Press, 1983 paperback, ISBN 0-674-70625-0 (combined edition, 1328 pages)Carnes, P. (1983). Out of the shadows: Understanding sexual addiction. Minneapolis, MN: CompCare Publications. Klaus Holzkamp (1992): On Doing Psychology Critically. Theory and Psychology 2, S.193-204; for further references see also Charles Tolman (1994): Psychology, Society and Subjectivity: An Introduction to German Critical Psychology, London: Routledge and Thomas Teo (1998): Klaus Holzkamp and the Rise and Fall of German Critical Psychology. History of Psychology 1998, Vol. 1, Nr. 3; Wolfgang Maiers (1999): Critical Psychology An Unfinished Modern Project. In: Wolfgang Maiers et al. (Eds.): Challenges to Theoretical Psychology, 457-466 Klaus Holzkamp (1983): Grundlegung der Psychologie. Frankfurt/M.: Campus Klaus Holzkamp (1964), Theorie und Experiment in der Psychologie. Berlin: de Gruyter (Theory and Experiment in Psychology); Klaus Holzkamp(1968): Wissenschaft als Handlung. Versuch einer neuen Grundlegung der Wissenschaftslehre. Berlin: de Gruyter (Science as Action A new Approach to the Theory of Science) Klaus Holzkamp (1973): Sinnliche Erkenntnis. Historischer Ursprung und gesellschaftliche Funktion der Wahrnehmung. Frankfurt/M.: AthenÃÆ'ƒÂ ¤um (Sensory Perception: Historical Origins and Social Functions of Perception Volker Schurig (1975): Naturgeschichte des Psychischen 1: Psychogenese und elementare Formen der Tierkommunikation. (Natural History of the Psyche 1: Psychogenesis and Elementary Forms of Animal Communication. Frankfurt/M.: Campus; Volker Schurig (1975): Naturgeschichte des Psychischen 2: Lernen und Abstraktionsleistungen bei Tieren (Natural History of the Psyche 2: Learning and Abstraction Capabilities in Animals. Frankfurt/M. Campus; Volker Schurig (1976): Die Entstehung des BewuÃÆ'Æ’Ã…Â ¸tseins (The Emergence of Consciousness). Frankfurt/M.: Campus; . Frankfurt/M.: Campus; Ute Osterkamp (1975/1976): Grundlagen der Psychologischen Motivationsforschung (Foundations of Psychological Research of Motivation, Frankfurt/M: Campus (2 Volumes)Rainer Seidel (1976): Denken. Psychologische Analyse der Entstehung und LÃÆ'ƒÂ ¶sung von Problemen. (Cognition. Psychological Analysis of Formulating and Solving Problems. Frankfurt/M.: Campus Klaus Holzkamp (1987): Die Verkennung von HandlungsbegrÃÆ'ƒÂ ¼ndungen als empirische Zusammenhangsannahmen in sozialpsychologischen Theorien: Methodologische Fehlorientierung infolge von Begriffsverwirrung (Mistaking Reasons for Causes in Theories of Social Psychology: Methodological Errors as a Result of Conceptual Confusion), Forum Kritische Psychologie 19, Berlin: Argument Verlag, p. 23-59 and Klaus Holzkamp (1993): Lernen: Subjektwissenschaftliche Grundlegung. Frankfurt/M.: Campus, Chapter 1: HinfÃÆ'ƒÂ ¼hrung auf das Verfahren der Problementwicklung (Introduction to the Sequence of Presentation), pp. 17-39 Klaus Holzkamp (1993): Lernen: Subjektwissenschaftliche Grundlegung (Learning: Subject- Scientific Foundations). Frankfurt/M.: Campus Klaus Holzkamp (1995): AlltÃÆ'ƒÂ ¤gliche LebensfÃÆ'ƒÂ ¼hrung als subjektwissenschaftliches Grundkonzept (Everyday Life Leadership as Basic Concept of a Scientific Theory of the Subject). Das Argument, 37. Jahrgang, Heft 6, November/December 1995 Fox, D. Prilleltensky, I. (1997). Critical Psychology: An Introduction. Sage. on-line Prilleltensky, I Nelson, G. (2002). Doing psychology critically: Making a difference in diverse settings. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan. Kincheloe, J. Horn, R. (2006). The Praeger Handbook of Education and Psychology. 4 vols. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Press. IbaÃÆ'ƒÂ ±ez, T. Rueda, L.I. (eds). (1997). Critical Social Psychology. Sage Books. on-line Harwood, v. (2006) Diagnosing Disorderly Children. London New York: Routledge. Sloan, T. (eds). (2000). Critical Psychology: Voices for Change. London: Macmillan. Kincheloe, J. Steinberg, S. (1993). A Tentative Description of Post-Formal Thinking: The Critical Confrontation with Cognitive Thinking. Harvard Educational Review, 63 (2), 296-320. Prilleltensky, I. (1997). Values, assumptions and practices: Assessing the moral implications of psychological discourse and action. American Psychologist, 52(5), 517-535. Parker, I. (1999) ËœCritical Psychology: Critical Links, Radical Psychology: A Journal of Psychology, Politics and Radicalism (on-line) Parker, I. (2003) ËœPsychology is so critical, only Marxism can save us now, (on-line) Dan Aalbers (2000). Canadian Psychology, 41, 75-76. Ben Anderson (1999). Journal of Community Applied Social Psychiology, 9, 243-245. Bob Burden (1998). British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 461-462. Angela R. Febbraro (1999). Theory Psychology, 9, 716-718. Christine Griffin (1998). British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 611-612. Ann Llewellyn (1997, Autumn). History and Philosophy of Psychology Newsletter, 25, 24-26. John Rowan (1998, November). Self Society, 26 (5), 53-54. Tholene Sodi (1999). Towards a liberatory psychology. Annual Review of Critical Psychology, 1, 171-174 [Review Essay]. Jeremy Swinson (2000). Mentoring and Tutoring, 8:2. Dorothy Rowe (2003), Depression: The Way Out of Your Prison Peter R. Breggin (2008), Medication Madness: A psychiatrist exposes the dangers of mood- altering medications Norman Doidge, (2007), Brain That Changes Itself

First Movement of Beethovens Symphony No. 3 Essay

First movement of Beethovens symphony No. 3 Eroica Beethovens Symphony No.3 also known as the Eroica consists of four parts, namely, allegro con brio, adagio assai, scherzo and allegro, which is the standard structure of a symphony. In this work, the analysis focuses on the first movement so as to show how Beethoven enriched symphony. The first movement has a distinctive sonority and texture. It is considerably long as it takes about 14 minutes (it may depend on the version). Some complete symphonies from the classical period are about the same length as this first movement, so Beethovens work set aside from the traditional symphony. It tells other composers that there is no such thing as a standard length of symphonys movement. In†¦show more content†¦The resonant sound of brass generates some tension in the form of dissonant chords. The combination of unusual sounds, vivid dynamics and rhythm changes, are incorporated in the symphony by Beethoven. However there is more as the first movement goes on. Beethoven uses a minor key for a short passage. The agitated sound of strings adds some tension and drama in the movement, which is finally resolved by the woodwinds. The clarinet and flute return music to a major key and a state of calm. The minor passage is a new concept which stands out the traditional symphony. It adds a different texture that clearly departs from the leading motive. This brief minor passage is also repeated so it may be thought of as a second motive. Another striking quality of this first movement is the use of a set of chords played by the whole orchestra. It serves as a bridge to connect the major and minor motives. Towards the end of the first movement, there is a brief passage embellished by the strings while the horns and trumpets remind us the sounds of the leading motive. The lively sound is interrupted by a brief minor passage. Then, the leading motive is repeated by the clarinet and flute. 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It is said that Beethoven’s pupil was surprised by this, and was reprimandedRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : The Greatest Symphony Of All Time1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe first attribute of Ludwig van Beethoven that made him one of the greatest composers of the late 18th century, was his dedication. Merriam-Webster defines dedication as, â€Å"a feeling of very strong support for or loyalty to someone or something† (Merriam-Webster). To say that Beethoven was loyal to his music is putting it lightly. Music, to him, was life. He lived for playing music, composing music, and teaching m usic. To have dedication like this and only live a total of fifty-six years is a great

We all fall down free essay sample

1)Distinctive ideas are essential the foundation of a unique novel. The text, We All Fall Down by Robert Cormier focuses on one tragic and violent event – the vandalism of the Jerome house and assault of Karen Jerome and explores the way in which many people are affected by it. There are two major distinctive ideas portrayed in the novel. Firstly, the novel demonstrates how a single story can be told from many perspectives. This of view and characterisation built through a range of language features secondly, the novel presents the idea that not all stories end happily. 2)The novel ‘We all fall down’ by Robert Cormier is narrated by 3 major characters, Jane, Buddy and the avenger. He uses third person omniscient point of which gives the readers an insight of the thoughts and feelings of the characters. For example, Jane Jerome says â€Å"now they treated each other as if they were made of glass. We will write a custom essay sample on We all fall down or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † This shows that the Jerome family are trying desperately to behave as if nothing is wrong. Another phase from the novel states â€Å"Buddy had enjoyed himself like striking back at the whole god dam world.† this gives the reader a more detailed understanding of a signal event or how violence affects many people, not only the victims. It provides an insight into the offender’s motives. It also provides us with the inner working of the mind of a voyeuristic sociopath who views the events. 3)Cormier uses a range of distinctive ideas, but the main idea he tries to express is that not all stories have a happy ending. In traditional teenage fiction responders would expect the committers of the vandalism to be prosecuted, while the victims would triumph over evil. Cormier subverts this tradition by having all characters extremely negatively impact by the trashing event. He states this idea through the technique, extended metaphor which is clearly exposed by the title of the novel â€Å"We all fall down,† the title is also supported by quotes from the novel, one of the main quote is when Buddy was watching little girls play Ring a Rosie and even explains what it meant. â€Å"It’s what kids sang back in the olden days when the black plague was killing millions of people, they would get a rosy kind of rash and rub themselves with herbs and posies then they fell and died.† Therefore by the end of the novel there will be no winners. The guilty party of the violent crime do not  get caught but they have to live with their guilt and paranoia. The victims have to live in fear as a result of the psychological impact of the violent crime. The effect on the audience is

Controversial Argument Essay Topics

Controversial Argument Essay TopicsIf you are one of the many students who want to study a bit on controversial argument essays, then I have something special for you. When it comes to one of these arguments, there is nothing more to worry about than you and your topic. Just find a topic and put all of your best points in there and then do your best to make your readers visualize the situation that you want them to be in.This can be a very easy task, because everyone has an original position on a certain issue. Some might argue that the government's role in developing the country and other such claims. For instance, there are a lot of us who feel that some types of music can help prevent the outbreak of diseases, yet, others believe that it may in fact make our society more violent. Either way, one of these positions is right and we have to take a stand on it.The problem is that not every person has an original position on a given issue. They have a single opinion that might be total ly incorrect. That is where controversial argument essay topics come in. One of the ways that these topics can be taken in is to challenge a single opinion with several facts that might change people's opinions on the topic.One of the best ways to go about this is to collect factual information that you think can prove that the entire topic is flawed. You have to find out the truth behind the topic so that you can come up with some type of argument. You have to come up with something that the reader has to think of or to consider. The point is that you have to present a positive point instead of a negative one in order to have your readers to relate to you.The most effective way to collect all of the facts that you can would be to go back and write down things that you know that was happening at the time period that you are writing the essay. This will give you an idea of how to conduct the research in order to uncover the truth. As far as the topic is concerned, you should make it as specific as possible so that you can prove it. This can include things like the name of a person, the name of a group or organization, the school the person went to or the type of school they went to.With this information, you can work on putting together the facts in your article so that you can make your arguments flow together. It is crucial that you find a way to make your words resonate so that the reader feels as if they have been there before. The more they relate to the words and the feelings that they bring up, the more people they will end up getting.You will want to remember that not every well-researched argument will have a chance to hold sway over the audience. Therefore, you will need to go back and read through your topic and see what happens.

Notes on Fsu Essay Samples in an Easy to Follow Manner

Notes on Fsu Essay Samples in an Easy to Follow Manner We're certain that your school years ought to be the best years of your life. My parents think that learning something new is the main way out of any difficulties. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. So many students write about the very same things, struggles they have overcome, ways they've helped less-fortunate folks, or distinctive things they've learned through the years. The War Against Fsu Essay Samples It's important to not forget that students should only submit a single application for admission. Students may check the wisdom of the writer. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. The students should not copy an application essay from different students. The readers that are normally the university professors want to know something about the students that isn't listed in other application documents. If given the opportunity to attend NYU, I would benefit from such seminars and workshops to grow my classroom knowledge. I believe the seminars given at NYU will help me see sociology from various perspectives. If you've already graduated from college or university and are trying to find a superior job, you want to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. Life, Death and Fsu Essay Samples There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the majority of our clients require is essay writing. Each response is going to be limited to 200-250 words. Don't forget to use concise butvivid imagery to spell out the situationin the first 150-250 wordsand then devote the remaining portion of the words to analyzing its effects on character. All recommendation letters have to be submitted online. You can also get in touch with your writer to supply some added recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. We would like to get to understand you better through your responses. Read our customers' reviews and feedbacks. Want to Know More About Fsu Essay Samples? Our premium plans provide various heights of profile access and data insights that may help you to get into your dream school. Specific rules have to be observed if you're to be prosperous. Use the assistance of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! If you don't sleep well, you're interrupting the process to keep up your general wellness. Up in Arms About Fsu Essay Samples? It is possible to also get a variety of discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Think beyond the box as you answer the next questions. You may find informa tion regarding topics that are offered on the official site. You don't have to fret about your personal details that could be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. Please note this essay might be used for scholarship consideration. To start with the essay ought to be interesting and distinctive. Although it is not required but highly recommended, it provides another opportunity to learn more about you. The admission essay plays a crucial part in your application. Browsing our essay writing samples fsu admission essay examples can provide you an idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you are searching for. We'll help you with any essay you've got and compose an exceptional paper which will bring you a high grade. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. A 500 word essay ought to be formatted based on the customary style of the majority of essays. The subsequent FSU essay is based on the theme that's about telling a story that has a significant influence on his or her character. At the moment, you're applying to Babson College. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Fsu Essay Samples Turquoise is a wonderful selection for an all year color. Seasonal colors are almost always important to stay in mind.

Essay Topics - How to Choose the Best Topic Ideas

Essay Topics - How to Choose the Best Topic IdeasEssay topics are a major determinant in how well an essay is received by the students. Therefore, you must take care to select topic ideas that match the student's learning style and goals. You should also consider the overall quality of the essay and make sure that the essay addresses the students' main questions or concerns.Essay topics should be chosen on the basis of the student's knowledge, interests, learning style, goals, and other factors. When selecting topic ideas, your major concern should be to ensure that the essay helps the student think about a particular issue. The essay should help the student to investigate the topic and connect it to other issues. It should provide him or her with a solution to the problem.For instance, if you were writing an essay for a freshman, you could explore the question of how your conservative parents used to control TV and radio through advertising, and how they still use this method today, through purchasing the latest iPods or digital cameras. Then you could present your parents' approach by presenting research showing how the industry has changed. This essay topic could then help the freshmen understand why conservative parents and conservative attitudes are different from those of their liberal counterparts.You could also use a thesis statement to explain your approach. A thesis statement sets the direction for your topic by explaining why the topic is worth studying and analyzing. The thesis statement should be based on your understanding of the topic, as well as knowledge gained from current events, media, and other such influences.Your main purpose is to help the student put together the information you have gathered. After you have explained what your approach is, you should write a summary of what you have already written.An important point you must remember in writing an essay is to get your audience involved. Your audience is the group of people you wish to reach, and the essay must be relevant to them.To reach your audience, you must understand the reader's point of view, understand his or her situation, and remember that he or she has some goal, or concerns. Understanding your audience will enable you to address their main concerns.Essay topics are usually determined by the instructor, but you can also find them in textbooks. You can contact your teacher if you want to consult with him or her on essay topics, or even learn from their own experiences.

Topics to Discuss in an Interpretation Essay Reviews & Tips

Topics to Discuss in an Interpretation Essay Reviews & Tips Below, it is possible to find a few of the topics our writers can handle for you. To start with, your motivation for a writer is affected by the essay topic you pick. Our professional essay writers are extremely experienced in regards to devising all types of poetry analysis essays. Since you may see, success essay isn't as narrow as you may've thought! Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. Select an intriguing essay topic, and you're going to start enjoying it. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Frankenstein essay may sound like a hefty undertaking, but when you learn to write it, you'll be impressed with the outcome. Victor Frankenstein is the actual monster. A methodical strategy is necessary to compose a process essay. Such kind of writing does not require a normal thesis. The instructions about how to write process essays should also end up being handy for readers. There are several different topics that one may use in writing process essays. Enable the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. In addition, you can capture reader attention with the assistance of funny essay topics. Literature students read a good deal. The main aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. At exactly the same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a fantastic cause and effect essay topic. If you don't understand the matter, you've hardly any opportunities to succeed. Cause and effect essay topics In the event you receive a task to compose a cause and effect essay, you should examine some event or a specific circumstance and determine the relation between the things which caused this circumstance and effects the case had or might have. Give many kinds of explanations for why you believe that your interpretation is true. Should you do, paraphrase the offered definition to steer clear of issues with plagiarism. The manner in which you formulate your argument heavily is dependent upon the essay type. You've got to present arguments in support of a specific opinion. Having skills and experience is just as important if applying for work, and it's really hard to imagine a great specialist without a college or university degree. When it has to do with writing, you always have a chance to learn, and it is far better to learn from the very best of the very best. If you believe you are having a difficult time writing, you always have the option to ask a specialist help. For instance, some students prefer to write about various tragedy lines and plot, while some choose characters. Needless to say, you won't always have a true situation to discuss for each and every topic sometimes you've got to borrow ideas from different people or merely apply your imagination. In the compare and contrast essay, you might compare methods by which different folks achieve success, whilst in the cause and effect paper the focus ought to be on explaining the explanations for why folks become successful and the way that it affects their lives. It is probably that an individual may not locate a specific topic interesting which others might. In such a paper, you should produce examples of individuals who worked really tough to develop into successful, explaining the significance of investing time and energy. Topics to Discuss in an Interpretation Essay - Dead or Alive? In an academic setting, but the paper needs to be formatted and organized in line with the corresponding standards without the usage of informal languages like slang or jargon. Macbeth is a famed play with lots of important themes. Remember your final grade significantly is based on the topic. So the overall grade for the paper might differ based on that.